The fine-tuning vs RAG question usually arrives as a statement: “we need to fine-tune a model on our data.” It is one of the most expensive sentences in enterprise AI, and it is usually wrong. Not always, but usually. The request nearly always means one of two things: the model does not know about our business, or the...
Machine Learning
Comprehensive resources, tutorials, and insights on machine learning, covering algorithms, model training, data processing, and real-world AI applications.
Self-hosting Kimi K3 became technically possible on 27 July 2026, when Moonshot AI published the weights for a 2.8-trillion-parameter model alongside production inference support. A great many organisations read that news and concluded they could now run frontier-class reasoning on their own hardware and stop paying...
A general-purpose AI model knows a lot about the world and nothing about your business. It has never seen your product manuals, your internal policies, or last quarter’s reports. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is the technique that closes that gap: it lets a model answer questions using your documents, accurately...
AI software development is not a future trend for UK businesses; it is already the baseline. Search interest in the term has grown 30% in the past three months, and interest in “AI software development company” is up 60%. The businesses that understand this shift now will have a significant head start over those still...
When it comes to AI-assisted coding, OpenAI ChatGPT 5 and Grok 4 are two of the hottest tools of 2025. Both claim to write Python code with high accuracy and efficiency, but which one actually delivers cleaner, more maintainable scripts in real-world scenarios? In this article, we’ll pit ChatGPT 5 and Grok 4 against...
ChatGPT 5 has officially arrived, and it’s already making waves in the AI world. Building on the success of GPT-4, OpenAI’s latest release isn’t just about raw intelligence, it’s about speed, accuracy, and adaptability. In this hands-on ChatGPT 5 review, I’ll walk you through my hands-on experience with ChatGPT 5,...
Introducing Tiny BPE TrainerMost modern NLP models today from GPT to RoBERTa, rely on subword tokenization using Byte Pair Encoding (BPE). But what if you want to train your own vocabulary in pure C++? Meet Tiny BPE Trainer - a blazing-fast, header-only BPE trainer written in modern C++17/20, with zero dependencies,...
Introducing Modern Text TokenizerModern natural language processing (NLP) models like BERT, DistilBERT, and other transformer-based architectures rely heavily on effective tokenization. But C++ developers often face limited options like bloated dependencies, poor Unicode support, or lack of compatibility with...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been an intriguing subject, often wrapped in an enigma, driven by speculation, and enhanced with Hollywood glitz. While movies paint a picture of AI as sentient entities, filled with emotions and consciousness, one must wonder if today’s AI mirrors such representation. It’s time to...